Java ServerSocketChannel Example in NIO
Published
Updated
The following example is a simple socket server which will handle incoming socket connections and provides a basic implementations in which you can interact with clients like send messages and read incoming data. With a little work, this could become a chat room, multiplayer game server, or something even bigger!
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
public class SocketsExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
AtomicBoolean running = new AtomicBoolean(true);
int port = 5555;
// Bind to 0.0.0.0 address which is the local network stack
InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName("0.0.0.0");
// Open a new ServerSocketChannel so we can listen for connections
ServerSocketChannel acceptor = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// Configure the socket to be non-blocking as part of the new-IO library (NIO)
acceptor.configureBlocking(false);
// Bind our socket to the local port (5555)
acceptor.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(addr.getHostName(), port));
// Reuse the address so more than one connection can come in
acceptor.socket().setReuseAddress(true);
// Open our selector channel
Selector selector = SelectorProvider.provider().openSelector();
// Register an "Accept" event on our selector service which will let us know when sockets connect to our channel
SelectionKey acceptKey = acceptor.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
// Set our key's interest OPs to "Accept"
acceptKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
// This is our main loop, it can be offloaded to a separate thread if wanted.
while (true) {
selector.select();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = (SelectionKey) iterator.next();
// It's important to call remove, as it removes the key from the set.
// If you don't call this, the set of keys will keep growing and fail to represent the real state of the selector
iterator.remove();
// skip any invalidated keys
if (!key.isValid()) {
continue;
}
// Get a reference to one of our custom objects
Client client = (Client) key.attachment();
try {
if (key.isAcceptable()) {
accept(key);
}
if (key.isReadable()) {
client.handleRead();
}
if (key.isWritable()) {
client.handleWrite();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// Disconnect the user if we have any errors during processing, you can add your own custom logic here
client.disconnect();
}
}
}
}
private static void accept(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
// 'Accept' selection keys contain a reference to the parent server-socket channel rather than their own socket
ServerSocketChannel channel = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
// Accept the socket's connection
SocketChannel socket = channel.accept();
// You can get the IPV6 Address (if available) of the connected user like so:
String ipAddress = socket.socket().getInetAddress().getHostAddress();
System.out.println("User connected " + ipAddress);
// We also want this socket to be non-blocking so we don't need to follow the thread-per-socket model
socket.configureBlocking(false);
// Let's also register this socket to our selector:
// We are going to listen for two events (Read and Write).
// These events tell us when the socket has bytes available to read, or if the buffer is available to write
SelectionKey k = socket.register(key.selector(), SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
// We are only interested in events for reads for our selector.
k.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
// Here you can bind an object to the key as an attachment should you so desire.
// This could be a reference to an object or anything else.
k.attach(new Client(ipAddress, socket, k));
}
}
The following is a simple Client facade class which can sit on top of your socket to help provide some structured interaction with the socket. For example, you could add methods which perform certain actions or structured methods for reading and handling certain types of incoming data.
static class Client {
ByteBuffer bufferIn;
ByteBuffer bufferOut;
SelectionKey key;
SocketChannel socket;
String ipAddress;
public Client(String ipAddress, SocketChannel socket, SelectionKey key) {
this.ipAddress = ipAddress;
this.socket = socket;
this.key = key;
bufferIn = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
bufferOut = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
}
public void sendMessage(String message) {
bufferOut.put(message.getBytes());
}
public int handleRead() throws IOException {
int bytesIn = 0;
bytesIn = socket.read(bufferIn);
if (bytesIn == -1) {
throw new IOException("Socket closed");
}
if (bytesIn > 0) {
bufferIn.flip();
bufferIn.mark();
// TODO: Do something here with the bytes besides printing them to console
while (bufferIn.hasRemaining()) {
System.out.print((char) bufferIn.get());
}
System.out.println();
// Do something with this value
bufferIn.compact();
}
return bytesIn;
}
public int handleWrite() throws IOException {
bufferOut.flip();
int bytesOut = socket.write(bufferOut);
bufferOut.compact();
// If we weren't able to write the entire buffer out, make sure we alert the selector
// so we can be notified when we are able to write more bytes to the socket
if (bufferOut.hasRemaining()) {
key.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
} else {
key.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
return bytesOut;
}
public void disconnect() {
try {
socket.close();
key.cancel();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
}
}